CHIN MIPHUN THAWHKEHNAK TUANBIA

“Laihritlai Sempi U & Nau Kan Si?

Salai B. Chan Khar

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BIAHMAISA

Tuanbia cu a luan ciami caan chung i khuasami mibu nih an tuahmi tthatnak, chiatnak, hmaannak le palhnak kha roca ah ttial a si i, atu chan i a nungmi mibu nih tthatnak le palhlonak an hmuh nakding ah lam hmuhsak kha a si. "Tuanbia a hngalmi minung cu mi-a an si bal lo...?ti a si. Dr.Tan Htun zong nih “Mi-a ka si lo nakhnga tuanbia hi ka cawn?tiah a ti. An miphun tuanbia a hngal lomi miphun cu kengruh a ngei lomi ramsa bantuk an si i an loral tawn, ti si. Mah le miphun thawhkehnak tuanbia a hngalmi minung nih cun, ram le miphun dirkamhnak thinlung a ngei hrimhrim deuh ko lai. A bikin, Chin miphun kan chuahkehnak zuut tikah hmunhma hoih in kan holh le kan

awcawi i dang liangluang ko hmanh seh law, cu nih cun midangpi a kan siter kho hlei lo. Zeicatiah chuahkehnak hrih le hram pilepu aa khatmi in a chuakkekmi kan si dih ko i, laihritlai ulenau kan si thotho ko.

Kan Chin pupa hna nih, “Saphaw cung ker ca kan rak ngei ko nain, uico pawttam nih a ttam?tiah an rak ti ttheu. Uico nih a ttam hnu in ca kan ngeih ti lo caah, ca chungah ro bang rohtakmi Chin tuanbia a um lo; kaa chimnak cun rak rohtaak ko hna hmanhsehlaw, a cingtu minung a thih ahcun, aa thihpi ve ko. A thih hlanah, tulefa sinah chimta tawn a si nain, bia lawng cu pakhat le pakhat an chimtthanning aa khat kho ti lo. Heh tiah kan phun a dawmi Chin pasalttha kan pale hna nih an banh khawhtawk in Chin tuanbia cu an hlathlai tthan i cabu chungah zeimawtzat an khumh khawh. Cu zong cu a hmaan dih cikcekmi Chin Tuanbia a si tiah pom khawh dih a si kho rih lo. Heh tiah a ttial chinmi le an chim chinmi cu ka vun zohtthan ve kaa ti sek i, pehtonh ka rak i zuam ve. Atu in a rel duhmi caah ka vun in hunh ve hna tikah, i elhmialnak um sual ai kaw, cucu ka tinhchanmi a si ruam lo. Ka tinhchanmi cu: Kan tuanbia a zeite hmanh hngalh lo nakin, hngalhdeuhnak tal chuak sual seh kaw, ti khi a si ko. Careltu sinin biachuak: Kan tuanbia ka hngalhmi a um ve dahkaw, tlawmpalte tal in chapchuan ve lang a timi upa nan um ahcun, salam pekpah bu in ka hun in conglawmh duh bikmi hna nan si. Keimah mibing in dothlatnak ka tuah khawhmi zeihmah a um lo i ka mibing ruahnak zong, hi catlem chungah hin ka khumh hinmi a um lo.

Hi Chin tuanbia kong hi LCC Cazual ah kum 2010-2011 ah a pehpeh in rak chuahmi a si i, a hramthoklei kam chirhchan pawl khi number pe loin, a ttialtu nih “a ti?ti tu in ka ttial. Cheukhat cu number ka pek hna i a tangah i chirhchannak ka langhter colh. Ca siaremhning khi standard phaan a si lo nain, lungfiannak caah cun, bawmtu a si ko lai.

Upatnak he,

Salai B. Chan Khar

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Vawleicung Miphun Thawhkehnak Hmunthum

Vawleicung miphun vialte kan chuahsemnak hmun cu hi hmunthum hin an si:

01. Vawlei Laifang (Caucasus)

02. Africa ram Laifang (Central Africa)

03. Peking Lungkua (Peking Cave)

01. Vawlei Laifang (Caucasus) timi hmun cu Arab ram (the Middle East) chaklei kam Alp tlang hram ah a si i Arian miphun timi Vunraang miphun vialte, Arab miphun vialte le Kala, India) miphun vialte an semnak hmun a si. Hi Arian miphun pawl cu an pum a ngan, an hnar a sau, an mul a ruh i, miphun dang he an i khat lo.

02. Africa Ram Laifang (Central Africa) in a semmi hna miphun cu mi ak (Negro) miphun vialte, atu vawleicung kakip i a ummi hna mi nak pawl hi an si; an pum a ngan nain an vun a nak i, an sam a kir.

03. Peking Lungkua (Peking Cave) aa semmi hna miphun cu Mongoloid miphun ti an si i, Asia miphun vialte an si; an hnar a tawi. Kawlram khuasa miphun hnartawi pawl zong hi Mongoloid miphun an si. [Chin Sining Tuanbia, Pu Chawn Kio]

Mongoloid Miphun Chungin Phu 2 Ah Ai Then

Mogoloid miphun chungah hin, Tibetan phu le Austric phu tiah phu nganpi pahnih in ai tthen. Cun Tibetan phu ah Tibeto-Myanmar le Shan-Chinese tiah ai tthen tthan. Tibeto-Myanmar phu ah nichualei phu (Eastern Branch) le nitlaklei phu (Western Branch) tiah ai tthen chap.

Nichuahlei phu ah: Pyu, Myanmar (le a tengnge phu tete), Kayin le Lolo (Kaw, Lahu le Lisu) an si.

Nitlaklei phu ah: Tet (Kadu, Htama le Gana), Naga, Chin le Kachin (Jainpo, Kachin) an si. Shan ?Chinese phu ah: Maw, Khun, Lu, Lem, Yun, Shan - Myanmar, Khampti le Kokannese an si.

Austric phupi zong in, Austronisian le Austro-Asiantic tiah phu ngan pahnih in aa tthen ve. Austronesian phu ah: Salon le Bashu (Malay) an si. Austro - Asiantic phu ah: Mon, Khamu (Southern Branch) le Palaung, Paley, Wa, Myawngzi le Riang (Norther Branch) an si. ( Joeling I Tonnak Cauk: Pu Zipeng Ni Kung chimmi)

Peking Lungkua In Hmunkip Ah

Peking lungkua hi Mongolia ram hrawngah a ummi a si. Peking lungkua cun Mongoliod miphun hna cu duhsahte in Asia ram hmunkip ah ani tthekdarh cio i, khua le ram an ser cio.

Chin Miphun Tuluk Ram Ah

Chin miphun, Tuluk ram i an umnak hmun hi Pu Chawn Kio, Dr Lian H. Sakhong, K. Zawla le Chin Historian pawl nih an chimning le Historian D. G. H. Hall le Dr Tan Htun le Pu Zipeng NiKung nih an chimning a khat set lo. Pu Chawn Kio, Dr Lian H. Sakhong, K. Zawla le Chin Historian pawl cheukhat nih cun Chin miphun hi Tuluk ram Chinlung tlangin ai semmi kan si, tiah an pom. Pu Chawn Kio nih, Chinlung tlang i an um lioah Chin Pennak (Chin dynasty) zong, BC 221 - 24 AD tiang Chin miphun nih an rak ser; AD 24 ah Han miphun nih an tei hna i, Tibet ah an zam, tiah a ttial. Historian D.G.H Hall nih cun, “BC 2500 lioah Chiang (Chin) miphun cu Tuluk ram Szechuan Ramtthen, Kensi le Shensi tlang hrawngah an rak um?tiah a ttial.

Dr. Tan Htun zong nih Szechuan peng hrawng um in a ttial ve. Burmese Political History nih, “Chin miphun cu Manchu tiva nel (Yellow River) in aa semmi an si?tiah a ttial. Pu Chawn Kio nih, “Manchu tiva nel cu Chinlung tlang nih a kulh... Atu ah cun hi hmun hi ramtthen (States) pali ah an tthen cang i, ‘Szechuan, Kansu, Shensi le Shansi?ramtthen tiah an ti cang hna?tiah a ttial.

Pu Zipeng Ni Kung nih, “BC 4000 - 2000 hrawngah Chiang (Chin) miphun cu Tuluk ram Yellow tiva donglei Ttawng (Tao) tiva nelrawn hrawngah khua an rak sa?tiah a ti ve. Asinain, Pu Chawn Kio he an i dannak cu - Chinlung tlang in ai thawkmi Chou le Chin Pennak (dynasty) a sertu ah kanmah Chin miphun kan si lo, Tuluk an si, tiah Pu Zipeng Ni Kung tu nih cun a ti. Pu Zipeng Ni Kung nih a chimnak ah: BC 2000,4000 hrawngah a tuan bikmi Chiang(Chin) miphun tuanbia cu Tuluk nih ttial hram an rak thawk; Kansu peng i an um lioah a si; Tuluk nih Chiang tiah an ti hna, a sullam cu tuukhaal, mehehkhaal, tinak a si.

Cu lio chan i Tuluk tuanbia ah an rak i tel khawhnak cu an Nunphung (Culture) a sang ngai caah a si. Kansu peng Ttawng tiva nelrawn hrawng i an rak umnak hmun i an thlaan, an uumkheeng, an hriamnaam pawl kha Archeologists pawl nih an cawh i an hmuh tikah kha chan lioah, Chiang miphun hi Nunphung (Culture) a sang pawl an rak si lai, ti an hmuh. BC 2000 hrawngin Chiang miphun cu Tuluk ram Kansu pengah cun an um ko nain Tuluk nih an uknak ram kauhchap an duh caah ral an tuk hna i an umnak hmun an i tthial lengmang. Raithawinak caah an rak hman men hna, ti a si. (The Great Wall saknak ah an rak hman hna... - Chin History, Culture & Identity Cauk)

Tibet Ram In Chiang Miphun Tthenthum Ah An I Tthen

Chiang miphun cu an umhmun an i tthial len zongah Tuluk nih an dawi lengmang hna i, BC kum donghlei ah cun Tibet ram nichuahlei kap tlangri hrawng khi an hung phak tikah tthenthum in an i tthen. Pu Chawn Kio nih, Chin miphun cu Han miphun nih an tei hna tiin a ttial. Pu Zipeng Ni Kung nih a chimning ah, cuticun, Chiang miphun cu tthenthum ah an i tthen tikah tthenkhatnak phu cu Tibet ram tlang cungah an kai i khua le ram an ser. Thenhnihnak phu cu atu Yunnan ramtthen le a pawng ram pawl ah an va ttum. Thenthumnak phu cu Tet, Naga, Chin le Kachin tiah tthenli ah an i tthen chap i Kawlram ah an lut cio.

Pu Chawn Kio nih cun, Chin le Kachin cu Kawlram i an luh lai tiang i tthen lo; Tibet ram ah Tibet miphun he kum 300 hrawng hmunkhat ah khuasa tti tiin a ttial. Hmunkhat ah kumcaan saupi an rak um tti caah, Tibet, Chin le Kachin nih atu i an hmanmi number relnak khi tampi ai khah. Panga, paruk... tiah kan relnak hna khi an i khat ngaingai. Cun Tibet, Chin le Kachin cu hmunkhat um tti an si caah an nunphung zong ai khat dih ngawt tiah Pu Chawn Kio nih a ttial.

Dr. Tan Thun nih, “Chiang Miphun nih Tuluk ram Szechuan peng i an um lioah, an umnak hmun hoih in min a phunphun in an i sak - Yuckshi-Chiang, Wuti-Chiang, Kunghan- Chiang, tbk.. in. Yuckshi- Chiang cu atu Naga miphun hi an si. Wuti- Chiang cu atu Tet Kadu Miphun hi an si. Kunghan-Chiang cu Chin le Kachin hi an si?tiah a ttial1. Chiang miphunpi cu Tuluk miphun nih an uknak ram kauh duh ah, ral an tuk lengmang hna i, dong loin an dawi lengmang hna tikah Tibet ram an phaan. Tibet ram an phaanh in tthenthum ah an i tthen2.

A tthenthumnak phu cu Yuckshi-Chiang, Wuti-Chiang le Kunghan-Chiang an si i, phuthum ah an i tthen chap. Chin le Kachin cu Kunghan-Chiang an si bantukin hmunkhatte ah an zaam tti i, khua an sa tti. Tibet ram ah Tibet miphun he kum 300 hrawng (Chin le Kachin cu) khua an sa tti i, an nunphung zong tampi aa khat ko cang. AD 350 hrawngah Tibet ram ah Buddhist biaknak a hung lut i, Buddhist biaknak a duhmi le a duh lomi karlak ah hnahnawhnak nganpi a chuah tikah Chin le Kachin cu Tibet ram in an zaam i, AD 400 hrawngah Hukawng tlangfiang ah khua an sa. An khuasaknak hmun cu “Zotlang?an ti3.

Hukawng tlang in duhsahte in an i tthial i, atu Kachin ram chaklei Puta-O hrawng khi an phaanh tikah Chin le Kachin unau hna cu lam an i tthen4. Kachin tuanbia ah hitihin a um: Chin le Kachin unau hna cu hmunkhatte ah an ra tti i, a naupa Kachin nih ka zunpi ka zung ta lai, a ti i a pial ta. A upa Chin nih hngak ta loin ka keneh in ka dawi te seh, tiah a kal taak i a kalpah in bancang kung kha naam in a sah pah lengmang hna. A naupa Kachin nih a dawi lengmang ve ko nain a upa nih a sahmi bancang kung kha saupi in a dong a khawh cang a hmuh tikah lamhlatpi ah ka upa a kal cang tiah a ruah i, dawi khawh ti lo dingin a ruah tikah atu Kachin ram khin a taang i khua a sa lan. A naupa Kachin nih inn a sak tik paoh ah a upa a kir tthan tik i a umnak dingah innkhaan khan khat paoh kha a hohmanh umter loin a lawnhpiak. Cucu nihin tiang Kachin nunphung ah a cang lan. Chin mi cu Kachin nih, “Khang?an ti hna. Cu Kachin holh i a sullam cu “Keneh?tinak a si5.

Chin miphun cu Kachin ram i Chindwin tiva dong khin an run ttum i Chindwin tivapi thluan, Monywa khua tiang hrawng khin fektthup in khua le ram an hun ser. Chin miphun nih Chindwin tivapi thluan an rak phaanh hi A.D. 700 hrawng ah si dawh a si6.

Tibet ram in Yuckshi-Chiang (Naga), Wuti-Chiang (Tet Kadu) le Kunghan-Chiang (Chin le Kachin) tiah phuthum in an i tthen tikah Kawlram ah a lut hmasa bikmi cu Tet miphun khi an si. Atu India ram Assam ramkulh in Kawlram i nichuahlei Ayeyarwady tivapi tiang khin ram kaupi ah an rak um. Atu Mandalay khua in a chaklei Ayeyarwady tivapi kam Takawng khua khi an khualipi a rak si i cuka ahcun siangpahrang uknak tiang an rak ser khawh. A pahnihnak ah Naga miphun an lut i, atu Naga ram, India ramlei le Kawlram lei ah khin an rak um7. Chin le Kachin miphun cu Tet le Naga hnu ah, Kawlram ah an lutmi an si. Chindwin tivapi thluan ah Chin miphun an luh i, khua an sak tikah an hlanah a rak um hmasami Tet miphun ram cu a lai in an cheu hna8.

1. Pu Chawn Kio, Chin Sining Tuanbia (2006), p-7; Chin History, Culture & Identity (2009), pg-37

2. Pu Zipeng Ni Kung, Joeling I Tonnak (2007), pg-183

3. Pu Chawn Kio, Chin Sining Tuanbia (2006), pg-15

4. Ibid, pg-16

5. Ibid, pg-16/17; Chin History, Culture & Identity (2009), pg- 36

6. Pu Zipeng Ni Kung, Joeling I Tonnak (2007), pg-184

7. Ibid, pg-183/184

8. Ibid, pg-184

Chin Pupa Hna Khuaram Chindwin

Tuluk ram in Kawlram ah a lut hmasa bikmi miphun cu Pyu le Mon an si. A.D. 100 hlanah Kawlram ah an lut cang. AD 400 - 500 hrawngah cun Pyu le Mon nunphung hi a rak sang tuk cang1.

Pyu miphun cu Kawlram laifang Ayeyarwady tivapi thluan nelrawn ah khin khua an sa thup i atu Pyay khua pawngkam Sri Kstra timi khi an khualipi a rak si i Tazaketra, Bidano le Halin siangpahrang pennak pawl tiang an rak ser khawh cang hna2.

Mon miphun cu Ayeyarwady tiva vasumlei Thaton khua hrawngah khin an rak um ve i Kawlram ah Buddhist biaknak a thawktu an si3.

Chin miphun hi Tet le Naga hnuah Kawlram ah a lutmi an si i, atu Monywa khua hrawngin a chaklei Chindwin tiva thluan nelrawn ah khin fektthup in khuaram an rak ser4. Dr F. K. Lehman nih, “Chin miphun tuanbia hi A.D 750 in aa thawk?tiah a ttial5.

Hihi Chindwin nelrawn ah Chin miphun khuasak lio, si nih a dawh ko. Chin miphun nih Chindwin nelrawn an phaanh hi A.D 700 in 850 karlak ah a si6.

A.D 900 ah cun Chindwin nelrawn ah Chin miphun an um cang7. Chin miphun hi Kawl le Shan hlanah Kawlram ah a lut hmasami, miphun hmasa an si. Chindwin nelrawn ah Chin miphun khua an sak tikah milu tam tuk dawh, an si. Zeicatiah, Pyu/ Mon nih tuante ah tivapi min an sak cangmi hna: Ayeyarwady, Duthahwady, Hanthawady le Talawady pawl lakah Talawady tiva hi Chindwin tiva (Chin tiva kuangpi) tiah minthlen le auh a si caah. Hi nih hin, Chin miphun nih Chindwin tiva hi tthate in an hip khawh, timi a langhter. Chindwin tiva thuan, Monywa khua kam hrawng i Pyu/ Mon pawl hi rak penchuah dih hna dawh, an si8.

Asinain, Chin miphun khuasaknak chaklei Chindwin nelrawn hi Chin miphun hlanah mizei miphun hmanh an rak um cia lo9. A.D 863 ah Tuluk ram Yunnan ramkulh in Nanchao ralhratpi nih Pyu miphun hi ral an chim hna i an tei hna tikah sal ah Pyu mi tampi an tlaih hna10. Cu hnu A.D 900 ah Kawl pawl hi Pyu miphun um cianak Kawlram laifang ah an rak lut i khuaram an rak ser11. Kawlram ah Kawl miphun an luh tika Mon le Pyu sin in ca le nunphung an i laak chom12. Cun, A.D 1,000 hnu lawngin Kawl pawl hi milu tam bik miphunpi cem an hung si. Cu hlanah cun, kumfate in Takawng le Tet pawl nih Kawl pawl cu ral an tuk tawn hna i Tet pawl nih an caw, an naa, an sui le an ngun chawva an chuh tawn hna. Cu tikah, Kawl le Tet hi an i ral13.

Cun, Chindwin nelrawn ah Chin miphun an rak luh i khuaram an ser tikah India ramlei Manipur Tet le Kawlram lei Ayeyarwady Tet ram kha Chin miphun nih a lai in a cheu hna tikah Chiang miphun an si veve ko nain Chin le Tet zong an i rem lo14. Cu tikah, Kawl le Chin hi kawi ah an i tlai i Tet pawl cu an rak doh hna. Tet pawl an sung i Kawl pawl nih hmailei ah ralser kho ti lo dingin an ci an rak hmih hna. Cuticun, Kawl le Chin hi kawi ah, rak i tlai hna kaw, “Tu - nge - chin (a - chin - chin)?tinak hi a si ko. Cucaah, Kawl siangpahrang pawl nih Tet, Kadu, Pyu , Mon, Shan le Yaw tbk... pawl hi ral an tuk tawn hna nain zeitik hmanh ah, Chin ramlei Chindwin cu an tu in an la bal lo15.

Bagan siangpahrang pawl: Anawrahta (1084 -1077), Sawlu (1077 - 1084), Kyanzitta (1084 -1113), le Narathihapati (1249 - 1287) nih chan rolung an phun cio i, Chindwin tiva nelrawn ah Chin miphun khuasaknak kong an ttial chih cio. Cu chan rolungphun ah cun Chin miphun cu “Hawikom, Kawidua?tiah an rak ttial16. Bagan siangpahrang pennak a dongh kum 1296 tiang chan rolung cu an phun i, chaklei Chindwin ah an hawikom Chin miphun an um, tiah an rak ttial. Cucaah, A.D 1300 tiangah chaklei Chindwin nelrawn ah Chin miphun an um ko rih, ti hi Bagan rolung nih a langhter. Chindwin nelrawn ah hin Chin miphun hi a tlawm bik kum 500 renglo khua an sa17. Chindwin ti a sullam hi “Chin miphun khuasaknak kua/ hmun?tinak a si. Cucaah, Chindwin hi Chin Pupa Hna khuaram a si, an tlak hmasa bikmi Chinram a si18.

1 Pu Zipeng Ni Kung, Joeling I Tonnak (2006), pg - 191

2. Pu Zipeng Ni Kung, Ibid, pg - 191; Joshua Eliot, Burma Footprint Handbook (1997),pg - 36

3 Joshua Eliot, Ibid, pg - 36 .

4 Pu Zipeng Ni Kung, Ibid, pg ?183 - 184

5 Pu Zipeng Ni Kung, Ibid, pg - 184; Dr Lian H. Sakhong, Chin History, Culture & Identity (2009), pg - 19

6 Dr Lian H. Sakhong, Ibid, pg - 19 .

7 Pu Zipeng Ni Kung, Ibid, pg - 185

8 Pu Zipeng Ni Kung, Ibid, pg - 184.

9 Dr. Lian H. Sakhong, Ibid, pg - 19

10 Ibid, pg - 18 .

11 Joshua Eliot, Ibid, pg ?36

12 Pu Zipeng Ni Kung, Ibid, pg - 191.

13 Pu Zipeng Ni Kung, Ibid, pg - 184.

14 Ibid, pg - 184

15 Ibid, pg - 185; Dr Lian H. Sakhong, Ibid, pg - 20

16 Dr Lian H. Sakhong, Ibid, pg - 20

17 Pu Zipeng Ni Kung, Ibid, pg - 184

18 Dr Lian H. Sakhong, Ibid, pg ?21

Chindwin Tiva Kuang In Chin Miphun An I Tthen

Chin miphunpi hi Chindwin (Chin tiva khuangpi) nelrawn ah a tlawm bik, kum zabu 5 renglo khua an sa hnuah zeicaahdah, zeitikahdah Chindwin tiva kam in Kale nelrawn le hmun dangdang ah an i tthial hnga ti hi a ruang hngalh a si lo. Professor Dr Luce nih cun, ?.. anmahte in an i tthial ko?tiah a ttial. Nain hi nakin a ruang a si kho deuhmi cu: Chindwin tiva hi a rak lianh tikah Chin pupa hna khuasaknak a rak hrawh dih caah Chindwin tiva in khan 20 a hlatnak “Khatlei?Kale nelrawn i an i tthialnak hi a si ko lai. Hihi Chin tuanphung ah a lang1. Tuanphung hi ca a ngei lomi miphun tuanbia hlat khawhnak a si ve2. Chin tuanphung hna lakah “Ngun Nu Tuanbia?hi tilian nih minung nunnak le khuasaknak a rak hrawhnak kong a si. Cun, Zophei tuanphung ah hitihin a um: Hlan lioah hin, khua khuakhat ah vawleicung minung vialte hi khua an rak sa tti.

Cu khua i a laifang ah lungpi nganpi pakhat a um; cu lungpi i a tanglei ah hin lungkua kuakhat a um; cu lungkua cu dong hngal lo rilipi “Tipi ?thuam - thum?timi he aa peh; cu lungkua chungah cun Limpi/ Paribui mangtara a um. Cu Limpi nih cun zafa in khuachung hngakchia pakhat hnu pakhat a thiar hna i a lemh hna. Cu tikah, khuami hna an hnabei a dong ngaingai i, hrihrualfek he siaopi nganpi ah uico siao rawl ah an tarh i an thlaak. Limpi cu an siao i khuami hna nih an rawt lengmang nain, Limpi cu saw tuk kaw, a canceo tiang lawng an rawt khawh. Cu tikah, Limpi cu a laifang in an tan i a meilei tan cu rili chungah tur deldul in a tla. A zan ah Limpi kua in tilian a tlung ciammam i an khua pumpuluk in a hrawh dih. Cu caan thok cun, khuami vialte hna cu vawleikil le vanhramdeng tiangin an i tthentthek dih i holhdang in an holh cio, ti si. Hi tuanphung hi “Tuiraang - aa ?pai?tiah an ti. Chindwin tiva hi “Tiraang?tiah Chin miphun mi tampi nih an timi a si. Hihi Chin miphun ttengnge holh in “Tuiraang, Tuikhang, Tiraang, Tuipui ?ia - pai?tbk... in chim cio a si i an chim duhnak sullam cu aa khat dih.

Chanthar Chin Historian hna nih, Chin pupa khuasak tirnak a rak hrawktu tilian hi Chindwin tiva a si ko lai, tiah an zumh3. Hitihin Chindwin tivapi lian nih Chin pupa hna khuasaknak a hrawh dih tikah, “Khatlei, Khalei?ah kan i tthial lai tiah Kale nelrawn i an kainak hi a si; “Kale?timi biafanghram hi “Khatlei/ Khale?in a si. Zeitikahdah Chindwin tiva kam in Kale nelrawn i an i tthial hi a si tiah ahohmanh nih an hngal lo nain A.D 1300 a donghlei, asiloah, A.D 1400 aa thokka hrawngah si dawh, a si4. Chindwin tiva thluan ah Chin miphunpi hi hmunkhatte ah khua an rak sa tti, holh pakhatte an rak hmang tti, an rak `hawngttha ngaingai, ti hi B.S. Carey le N.N. Tuck nih an kilkawimi Chin tuanphung ah hitihin a lang: Chin miphun cu an rak tthawngttha ngaingai i, vawlei cungah aho ral hmanh nih tei hna khawh dingin an i hmu lo. Cu tikah, nika laak an i tim i van le vawlei kar i Jacob hlei bantuk kha an rak donh ve i an kai lulh. Asinain, an i tinhnak cu pakpalawng ah a cang. Bia an i al, an i si.

Nikhat cu hlei ah minung hnarcheu cung deuh i an kai lioah nika laak hmasa cu an i cuh cio i an tanglei deuh minung hnarcheu nih an hlei cu a lai in a cikkanh hna i cung deuh kai pawl cu hlei he Run tiva ral le atu Torrzam hmunlei ah an va tla. An tlak tikah ahohmanh an i hliamkhuai lo. Nain an lung aa mualmawk i holhphun dangin an holh cio. Cucaah, a phuphu in an kuai5. Zophei tuanphung i “Saphaw cauk?timi ah hitihin a um chap: A tir ah cun, lungtum hi hak loin a rak neem. Cu tikah mi vialte hi holh holhkhatte an rak hmang i vawlei cungah raltuk a um lo. Chunmui a tlun hlanah Pathian nih miphunkip sinah ca a rak peek cio hna. Chin pupa hna nih an ca cu saphaw cungah teirialte in an rak tial. Kawl pupa hna cu an tha rak thu kaw, lungneem cungah an ca an rak ttial. Voikhat cu chunmui a rak tlung ciammam i nika a mang ti lo.

Cu tikah, saphaw cu a hung hnawng i a rim nam kaw, uico pawttaam emem nih cu saphaw cu a ttam. Asinain, a neemmi lung tu kha cu chunmui lakah a hung hak i Kawl pawl ca tu cu a hmun i “Cafang khuaruahhar?ah a hung cang. Chin pupa hna an zatlang holh hrawmmi tu cu ui nih a ttam caah a lotlau i an i chawnbia kho ti lo. Cu tikah, Kawl pawl he “Cafang khuaruahhar?cu an i cuh i ral an tho. Chin pupa hna holh cu aa dan dih cang caah raltuk tikah ral thoknak nawl hmanh an i chim kho ti lo i Kawl pawl cu an tu kho hna lo. Cucaah, Chin miphunpi cu hmunkhat i khua an saknak in a phuphu in an i tthentthek tikah holhdang in an holhnak hi a si6. Hmunkhat khuasa tti Chin miphunpi cu Chindwin in an i tthen i a cheu khatlei Kale nelrawn ah an kai. A cheu (Asho Chin) Pakukku in Tazet khua tiang, cun Ayeyarwady tiva nitlaklei kap le nichuahlei kap Pohpa (Pupa) tlang kam hrawngah an va lan i an va um 7.

1. Dr Lian H. Sakhong, Chin History, Culture & Identity (2009), pg - 21

2. History Professor Dr Aye Aye Ngun, Joeling I Tonnak (2006), pg - 4

3. Dr Lian H. Sakhong, Ibid, pg - 18

4. Ibid, pg - 21

5. Ibid, pg ?21/ 22

6. Ibid, pg - 22

7. Pu Zipeng Ni Kung, Joeling I Tonnak (2006), pg - 184

Kale-Kabaw Nelrawn Ah Chin Miphun An I Tthial

Chin miphun hi Chindwin tiva kuanghrawn ah, a tlawm bik kum 500 reng lo, khua an sak cang tikah milu an hung pungkarh deuh. Cu tikah, tifim ramnemnak Kale-Kabaw nelrawn ah a cheu an kai. A cheu Pakkuko in Tazet khua tiang, Ayeyarwady tiva nitlaklei kap le nichuahlei Pohpa (pupa) tlang kam hrawngah an va kal i an um1. A cheu, Chindwin tiva kuanghrawn ah an um rih tthiamtthiam2. Chindwin tiva kuanghrawn in Kale-Kabaw nelrawn ah Chin miphun hi a kai hmasa le a kai hnudung in an um. Zeicahtiah, Mawleih Zipeng Grant Brown nih, “Yezagyu (Zi-sa-cu) khua cu A.D 934 ah Manipur le Chin pawl nih an tuk i, an hrawh dih. Cucaah, A.D 967 ah hin cun Kalemyo hi khika hrawng i an khualipi bik ah a cang,?tiah a ttial. Hi nih hin, Chinmi a cheu cu A.D 939 hlanah Kale-Kabaw nelrawn ah an rak kai cang ti hi a langhter3.

Pagan chan a dih kum 1287 ah Shan miphun an hung tthawng i kum 1400 thawkka hrawngah Chin miphun khuasaknak Chindwin kuanghrawn le Kale-Kabaw nelrawn cu an hun nam hna i an laak ciahmah hna. Cu tikah, Chindwin, tiva kuanghrawn khuasa Chin miphun cu (an hawile umnak) Kale-Kabaw nelrawn ah an kai ve. Kale-Kabaw nelrawn i Chin miphun khuasaknak khua cu, “Khamti, Mawleik, Kale le Khampat?tiah min an sak hna4. Chin miphun nih Kabaw nelrawn i a ummi atu Khampat khua khi khualipi ah an rak ser5. Khualipi i Khampat a rak sertu hi Kuki-Chin an si. Khampat khua cu Manipur ramri naih ah a ummi, Kuki-chin nih an rak tlakmi khuahlun bik a si. Khampat khua chungah hin sang sanghra reng loin an rak tthen i sanglai ah an siangpahrang maw, uktu dek a umnak inn a rak si tiah zumhnak a um. Khampat bungpi zong khi Kuki-Chin cinmi a si. Zeicahtiah, Bungpi a nge-awl nih vawlei a tongh tikah kan i tong tthan lai tiah unau hna biakam kha kum zabu 20nak ah khan a tling; Khampat ah Kuki cheukhat pawl a kir tthanmi an um taktak6.

Chin Historians Lalthangliana le M. Kipngen nih, “Khampat chan cu Chin miphun tuanbia ah an rak lianhngan bik lio caan a rak si. Atu i Chin ramkulh, Mizoram, Manipur ram, Cachar le Tripura i a um liomi Chin miphun hrinphun phu tam-u hi hmunkhat ah uktu pakhat, nunphung pakhat le holh pakhat rak i hrawm tti hna,?tiah an zumh veve7. Asinain Pu Chawn Kio nih Zipeng Grant Brown cauk chirhchan in hitihin a tial: “… Zo-Chin pawl cu atu Kalemyo pensen sang hrawng khi an umnak a si. Lai-Chin pawl cu atu Nahchawng lei kam deuh ah khin an rak um. Nahchawng lam i, “Chinzua (Chinkhua)?tiah a ummi khi Lai-Chin pawl umnak a rak si i, Shan pawl le Kawl pawl nih, “Chinzua?tiah an rak kawh. Lushai (Mizo) le Hualngo pawl hi Tamu lamlei i atu Khampat khua ah khin saupi an rak um. Asinain Khampat khua hi Shan -Tuluk pawl nih an tlak hmasami a si. “Khampat?ti hi Shanholh a si i, “Kham?ti cu “Sui?tinak a si. “pat?ti cu “a naal, aa dawh?tinak a si. “Sui khuadawh?tinak a si.

Lushai pawl nih an va um hnawh hna i milu an vung tam deuh cang tikah an tei hna. Khampat Bungpi zong cu Lushai pawl nih kanmah cinmi a si tiah an ti,?tiah a ttial8. Kale-Kabaw nelrawn ah Chin miphun khua an sak tikah Shan miphun he i cawhpawlh in khua an rak sa.

1. Pu Zipeng Ni Kung, Joel Ling I Tonnak Cauk (2006), pg-184.

2. Prof. Dr. Aye Aye Ngun, Chokhlei Mekazin (2010), pg-22

3.Pu Chawn Kio, Chin Sining Tuanbia (2006), pg-17.

4. Prof. Dr. Aye Aye Ngun, Ibid, pg-23.

5. Dr. Lian H.Sakhong, Chin History, Culture & Identity (2009), pg-23.

6. Priyadarshni M.Gangte, Chin History, Culture & Identity (2009) pg-56.

Nelrawn In Chintlang Ah An Kai

Chin miphun hi khahlan an khuasaknak tifim ramnem lennak le pawcawm fawinak nelrawn in khuasak harnak Chintlang i an kainak hi a ruang tampi a um. Nelrawn in tlangcung i an kai tikah an zapi in hmunkhatte ah an kai lo, tuan deuh le hnu deuh in an kai1.

Chintlang An Kainak Aruang Bikbik Hna

Shan ral le Kawl-Manipur ral ruangah a si bik. Kum 1300 a dih lei in Shan pawl hi tilet bang a thar in Kawlram ah a hung lut thluahmah. Pagan chan a dih kum 1287 in Shan pawl hi an hung lal i kum 1300-1540 tiang Kawl pawl hi an uk hna. Kum 1300 chungah atu Assam (India) ram ah khin Shan siangpahrang pennak Ahong timi tiang an rak ser khawh. Kum 1350 ah Yudaya (atu Thairam) khi an rak laak dih i atu tiangin an ram ah an ser lan. Kum 1529 ah Kawl siangpahrang Thadominphaya nih kum 1364 ah a dirhmi atu Mandalay khua kam Ava (Inwa) pennak zong kha Shan nih an rak laakviar. Cu tluk cun Shan miphun cu a tthawngtthami an rak si. Shan pawl cu an rak puarhraang tuk i an ziaza zong a rak chia tuk hringhran. Anmah Shan le Shan zong aa ralmi an rak si. Shan pawl cu atu Mindat lei Chin nih cun “Mao?an ti hna, a sullam cu, “Ral Nganpi?tinak a si2.

Kum 1400 thawkka hrawngah Chin miphun khuasaknak Chindwin tiva kuanghrawn le Kale-Kabaw kuanghrawn zong cu Shan pawl nih an hun chim hna i a laak cuahmah hna. Cucaah, Chindwin tiva kuanghrawn um Chinmi cu a hawile umnak Kale-Kabaw nelrawn ah an zaam ciahmah ve3.

Kum 1395 in Kale khua khi Shan sawbua Kyi Taung Ngio nih khualipi ropui tak ah ser hram a rak thok. Chin miphun hi rianttuantu ah a rak hman hna. Khua kulhnak vampang thaphnih thuat in a rak sakter hna i rianttuan ah a hrem tuk hringhran hna. Rianttuan a duh lomi cu an kutdong a tan hna i sei ah a khon i rianttuan a duh lo pawl cu hitihin kan tan ve hna lai tiah a cerhrohna. Cu hlei ah, kum 1368-1401 ah Kale Shan le Moehin Shan kar lakah saupi ral a tho. Kale sawbua nih cun Chin pawl cu hi ral hi a tukter ve hna. Cuticun rianttuanter le ral tukter an si hlei ah, Shan pawl cu an puarhraang tuk caah an kuttang um kha Chin miphun nih a celh in an rak celh ti hna lo caah, Chintlanglei ah kum 1400-1500 ah a phuphu, a chungchung in an rak kai. Atu Mizo pawl hi cu lio i a rak kaimi an si4.

Kum 1000 hnu in Kawl pawl hi milu an hung pungkarh tuk cang i (kum 1300-1900) ahhin Kawl pawl nih Ayeyarwady tiva kam Chin pawl hi an rak tuk ve tawn hna tikah Chinmi cu Saw, Thilin, Gangaw, Minbu, le Thayet lei ah an i tthial. Kawl ral ruangah Asho-Chin khi Chintlang ah an rak kai5.

Kawl pawl an dawhceo tik paoh ah an caw, an naa, an sui, le an ngun a chut tawntu hna Tet (Manipur) pawl hi Kawl Siangpahrang Bayinnaung nih kum 1599-81 ah voikhat, a fapa Nandanaung nih kum 1581-1599 ah voikhat an rak tuk hna i, Kale-Kabaw Chin khuasaknak hi rallam ah an rak hman. Kum 1600 ah Tet (Manipur) pawl nih Kawl pawl cu an run tuk tthan hna i atu Sagaing khua tiang khin an hun tthiam hna. Kawl siangpahrang Alaungphaya nih kum 1752-1760 ah voikhat, Sinphyusin nih kum 1763-1776 ah voikhat, Bodawphaya nih kum 1782-1819 ah voikhat, vui ralkap, rang ralkap, le ke ralkap thong sang sing he Tet (Manipur) pawl cu an va tuk ve hna. Manipur ralkap ahhin Chin ralkap an i tel ve i Kawl pawl tuk a si tikah Kawl pawl nih Kale-Kabaw um Chinmi cu nan hei kan tuk hrimrhim tiah lehrulh cham in an hei tuk ve hna. Cu lengah, Chinmi khuasaknak Kale-Kabaw nelrawn cu a hrat tukmi rallam le ral hmunpi a si i tthalpi khuakheeng tlanglo vahcap duah bang ralmei a khuatnak le ralhmun a rak si caah umnak ding a ttha ti lo i Chin miphun cu ttiopi in an rak ttio i tlangcung i an kainak bik a si. Atu Lai le Zo (Tidim) pawl hi an si6.

Kannih Chin miphun zong hi a tir ah cun, tifim ramnem pawcawm fawinak Chindwin tiva kuanghrawn le Ayeyarwady tiva nelrawn ah kum tampi khuasami kan rak si ve ko nain Shan ral, Kawl ral le Manipur ral ruangah ram harnak tlangcung i kan rak kai hi a si7.

1. Prof. Dr. Aye Aye Ngun, Chokhlei Mekazin (2010), pg-23; Pu Zipeng Ni Kung, Joel Ling I Tonnak (2006), pg-189.

2. Prog Dr. Aye Aye Ngun, Ibid, pg-22; Pu Zipeng Ni Kung, Ibid, pg-186; Dr. Lian H. Sakhong, Chin History, Culture & Identity (2009) pg-23/24.

3. Prof. Dr. Aye Aye Ngun, Ibid, pg- 22/23.

4. Pu Chawn Kio, Chin Sining Tuanbia, pg-21; Prof. Dr. Aye Aye Ngun, Ibid, pg-23; Dr. Lian H. Sakhong, Ibid, pg-23.

5. Prof. Dr. Aye Aye Ngun, Ibid, pg-23; Pu Zipeng Ni Kung, Ibid, pg-187.

6. Pu Zipeng Ni Kung, Ibid, pg-187; Prof. Dr. Aye Aye Ngun, Ibid, pg-23.

7. Pu Zipeng Ni Kung, Ibid, pg-187; Prof. Dr. Aye Aye Ngun, Ibid, pg-23.

Chintlang ah Chin Miphun An Kainak Aruang Bikbik Paruk

Chin miphun hi nelrawn in Chintlang ah an kainak a ruang bikbik pa ruk an um: 01. Shan ral ruangah Chintlang ah an kai. Atu Mizo-Chin le Kuki-Chin khi an si. A.D. 1400 thawkka hrawngah Mizo-Chin hi Chintlang (Kawlram) an phaan1. AD 1554 hrawngah Kuki-Chin hi atu Manipur ram (India) khi an phaan2.

02. Kawl siangpahrang pawl nih Manipur (Kate) hi voi (5) kheengte, vui ralkap, rang ralkap le ke ralkap, thong sang sing he an rak tuk hna tikah Chin miphun khuasaknak Kale - Kabaw nelrawn cu tthalpi nilin lak tlanglo meiduah bang ralmei a khuutnak hmunpi le a hrat tukmi ral lam i a rak can caah khuasaknak a ttha ti lo i Chintlang ah an kai. Atu Lai le Zo (Tidim) hi an si3. Kawl siangpahrang Bayinnaung nih Manipur a tuk hna hnuah Chintlang ah a kaimi an si. Lai (Falam, Hakha le Thantlang) nih atu an umnak Chintlang an rak phaanh cu A.D. 1650 hrawngah a si4.

03. Kawl miphun an milu a karh thluahmah tikah Ayeyarwady tiva kam ah a rak umtthingmi Chin miphun cu an penchuah, an ennam hna ruangah an i tthek i a cheunak tam-u, Chintlang ah an kai. Atu Asho-Chin hi an si5. Pating Minta nih Kawl siangpahrang a rak doh ruangah Chinmi cheukhat cu Kawlram nitlaklei tlang ah an zaam6.

04. Chin miphun cheukhat umnak Kawlram le Chinram aa tonnak nelrawn le nitlaklei tlangthluan ri hrawng khi raifanh le zawtnak a rak tamnak le puul tlunnak hmun a rak si ruangah zawtnak kiannak Chintlang i an kainak a si ve. Khika nelrawn hrawng khi khahlan ah cun “Puul thlunnak Nelrawn?an rak ti.

5. A hlan ah cun “khuakheng leido?in khuakhat le khuakhat phukhat le phukhat, an rak i doh pah tawn ruangah Chintlang ah a kaimi zong an rak um pah ve lai.

6. Chin miphun hi kan thawhkehnak in a zungzal ah, aho miphun kuttang hmanh ah a um duhmi kan si lo. Kanmah tein, i uk le zalongte in khuasak a duhmi kan si ruangah Chintlang ah a kai i khuaram a sermi, an um ve lai7. Nelrawn in Chintlang i an kai tikah a phuphu, a chungchung in hmai deuh le hnu deuh in an kai. Hrinphun a phuphu, a chungchung in an kainak a ruang hi Kale-Kabaw nelrawn i an um lioah an milu a hung pungkarh deuh cang i a phuphu a chungchung in khua an rak sak cang caah a si8. Chintlang ah kai loin Kale-Kabaw nelrawn ah a taangmi Chinmi cheukhat an um ve tthiamtthiam. Cuticun caan caankhat chung cu Shan miphun he karlak thlak in Kale-Kabaw nelrawn ah a taangmi Chin mi cheukhat hna cu khua in an rak um rih9.

Kale-Kabaw Nelrawn Ah Chinmi Cheukhat Nehbung Khirhnak

Kabaw nelrawn i Khampat khua khi Chin miphun nih khualipi ah an rak ser lio ah, khuachung ah sanghra reng loin an rak tthen. Sanglai ah an siangpahrang inn maw, an uktu inn dek a rak um. Cu siangpahrang innkulh chungah cun Khampat Bungpi an ti lengmangmi hi a um. Cu Bungpi i a nge-awl nih vawlei a tongh tikah i ton tthan dingin unau hna bi arak i kammi kha 1916 kum ah khan a tling. Mizoram in Sai Ngun Vau-a le a mitthi a lalang cu Khampat ah an kir taktak.

“Kalemyo?Khuamin Hi Zeidah A Si?

Kawlholh i “Kalemyo?hi “Hngakchia khua?tiah leh tikah khuaram uknak kongah zeihmanh sullam a tlai lo. Hi nakin sullam a tlai deuh a simi cu: Chin tuanphung ah an chim tawnmi “Tilian?khi Chindwin tiva a si ko lai tiah ruah a si. Chindwin tiva lian nih Chin miphun an khuasaknak a hrawhpiak hna in “Khalei, Khatlei hmun ah kan i tthial lai?tiah Chin pupa hna nih an rak timi “Khalei, Khatlei khua?ti kha sullam tlai a si deuh.

Chindwin Kuanghrawn Ah Chin Miphun Khuatthing Le An Chumtual Hlun

1986 kum ah Dr Vomson nih, “Nihin tiangah, Chindwin nelrawn i Chin an rak umnak an khuatthing le an chumtual tthing cu, atu Monywa khua kam Sibani khuate khin khan 2 aa hlaatnak hmun ah a um i atu tiangin hmuh khawh a si rih. An khuatthing ah cun a hlan i an rak phun tami rolungphun, pe 30 hrawng a sangmi a um i atu ah cun buar nih a kaih dih cang. Cu Chin rolungphun cu Kawl paw; nih, “Chin pathian?tiah an ti tiah a ttial10.

1. Pu Zipeng Ni Kung, Joel Ling I Tonnak (2006), pp.185; Prof. Dr Aye Aye Ngun, Chokhlei Mekazin (2010), pp. 23

2. Dr. Lian H. Sakhong, Chin History, Culture & Identity (2009), pp. 24

3. Pu Zipeng Ni Kung, ibid, pp. 186

4. Prof. Dr Aye Aye Ngun, ibid, pp. 23

5. Pu Zipeng Ni Kung, ibid, pp. 186

6. Prof. Dr Aye Aye Ngun, ibid, pp. 23

7. Pu Zipeng Ni Kung, ibid, pp. 186

8. Pu Chawn Kio, Chin Sining Tuanbia (2006), pp. 18

9. Dr Lian H. Sakhong, ibid, pp. Prof. Dr. Aye Aye Ngun, ibid, pp. 23

10. Dr Lian H. Sakhong, ibid, pp 33/ 21/ 33.

“CHIN?Timi Min Hi Zeitindah Aa Sem?

Khahlan Chin pupa hna nih khan “CHIN?tiah anmah le anmah an rak i au bal lo. Miphun dang nih an rak auhnak hna an min tu a si deuh1. Zeitindah/ zeicaahdah miphun dang nih “CHIN?tiah an rak auh hna hnga timi a ruang hi, Chin pupa hna nih an konglam an rak ttialmi roca a um lo caah, nihin ah ahohmanh nih lungdiriamte in a ruang a chim kho an um lo. Chin cathiam sang hna le Chin miphun kong a dothlattu Vairaang cathiam sang hna nih, “CHIN?timi min aa semnak le Chin pupa hna kawh le auh an rak sinak a konglam cu phunli in hitihin an langhter:

1.”CHIN?timi min cu Chin miphun semnak “Chinlung?in aa sem; Chin miphun chuahsemnak cu “Chinlung?in a si tiah Chin tuanbia ttialtu hna nih ttial lengmang a si. “Chinlung?ti a sullam cu “Chinkhor/ kua/ lungkua?tinak a si. Chinlung ti hi Chin miphunpi in a ttengnge hrinphun phu hna holh in, “Chhinlung, Chinn-lung, Chie’nlung, Chinglung, Ciinlung, Jimlung, Sinlung, Shinlung, Tsinlung, tbk…” in ti cio a si. Holh awchuah tlawmte in aa dan cio caah a si; an sullam cu aa khat dih. Ca a rak ngei lomi miphun tuanbia cu an tuanphung le an pupa hla tbk?in hlathlai khawh a si i, ca a rak ngei lomi Chin pupa hna zong nih chankhat hnu chankhat in an tefale sinah an hmurkaa in an tuanphung le an zaihla hna cu an rak chimhta tawn hna. Chin pupa hna nih chankhat hnu chankhat in an tefa hna sinah an rak chimhta tawnmi hna Chin tuanphung hna le zaihla hna khi a sawhsawh in ruah awk a ttha lo; sullam ngei ngaingai an si.

Lushei (Mar) pupa hla ah hitihin a um:

“Kan seingna Sinlung [Chinlung] ram hmingthang, ka nu ram ka pa ram ngai,

Chawngzil ang kokir thei changsein, ka nu ram ka pa ram ngai?tiin.

Laiholh cun:

“Kan semnak Chinlung ram minthang, ka nu ram ka pa ram ngai,

Zilthli (chawngzil) bang kawh tthan khawh si cang seh, ka nu ram ka pa ram ngai?ti a si hnga?

Hi hla nih hin khahlan Chin pupa hna kha an semnak Chinlung in penchuah le tthawl le dawi an rak sinak a langhter. Ahlan Chin pupa nih an khuahrum an pathian sin rai an thawi ah hitihin hla an rak sak tawn:

“Ka Chinram hlun liliai, ka pu ram Himaki,

ka pu lam aa dawh hlei, Chinlung lam aa dawh hlei,?tiah an sak tawn.

Hitihin bia le hla an um tikah Chinlung hi Chin pupa hna semnak a si tiah tuanbia ah ttial a phu ve hrimhrim ko. Asinain khuazei ah dah Chinlung cu a um kun, a umnak hmunram teh hngalh setset a si maw? A si rih lo. Chin tuanbia a dothlattu- Pu K. Zawla, Pu Sing Kho Khai le Pu Chawn Kio nih cun, “Chinlung cu Tibet (Tuluk ram) ah a um?tiah an ti. Pu K.Zawla nih, “BC 225 lio i The Great Wall a satu Tuluk siangpahrang mipuarhraang taktak Shih Hungti chan lioah Chin miphun hi Chinlung in an zaam?tiah a ti2. Pu Chawn Kio he an chimning aa lo.

Pu Chawn Kio nih, “Atu ah cun Chinlung hmunhma hi ramtthen pali ah an tthen cang i ‘Szechuuan, Kansu, Shensi, le Shansi ramtthen?tiah an ti cang... Tuluk ram map pakhat kha Tulukpa Mr. Wang ka relter i “Qinlung Shanmai?tiah a aw a chuah i a sullam cu ?Chinlung tlang?tinak a si. Reader’s Digest International Map ah Qinling ti hi Chinlung tiin aa ttial?tiah a ti chap3. B. Thangliana nih, “Chhinlung hi Tuluk ram Guizhou peng i Buyi le Miao miphun an umnak Qinlong (Chinlung) khi a si kho men?tiah phundangte in a ti ve4.

Miphun thawhkehnak lei a hngalmi Pu T.S.Gangte nih cun, “Chinlung hi Chindwin kuanghrawn hrawngah khin a um lai?tiah a ti. Chinlung ti a sullam hi Chindwin ti a sullam he aa khat, “Chinkhur/ kua/ lungkua?tinak an si veve. (Pu T.S.Gangte hi Dr. Than Tun, G.H.Luce, Leach le Lehman ruahnak a zuulmi a si). Chin cathiam sang hna nih cun “Chin?timi min hi “Chinlung?in aa semi a si tiah an ti. Mi Roling Hrang Nawl zong nih cuticun a ti ve5.

(2). “Jin? asiloah, “Cin?in “Chaing ?Khyang - Chin?tiah aa thleng: “Jinlung?ti le “Cinlung?ti hi “Chinlung?tinak a si. ?lung?hi kan chiah ta tikah “Jin, Cin, Chin?ti a hung si. Tuanbia ttialtu hna cheukhat nih “Jin?tiah an ttial i cheukhat ve nih “Cin?tiah an ttial ve. An ttial duhmi cu: Tuluk ram i Jin miphun, a rak tthawngttha ngaingaimi khi an si; AD 265 - 420 ah “Jin siangpahrang pennak?hmanh a rak ser khomi (Jin) miphun an rak si. Hi Jin miphun chungin phun ttengnge phukhat ah Chiang miphun hi an si.

Tuluk nih Chiang tiah an rak timi hna miphun cu atu i Chin miphun hi an si. “Jin?hin “Chin?timi min hi a dotdot in aa thleng i a chuak. Ahlan chan ah cun siangpahrang pennak an sermi paoh hi an miphun aohnak min ah a cang tawn6. “Jin/Cin?miphunpi chungin Chiang miphun cu phun ttengnge phukhat cu si kaw, Chiang ti hi Kachin le Shan nih “Khyan/Khiang/ Chiang?tiah an ti. Pagan chan rolungphun ah Kawl siangpahrang Kyanzittha nih, “Chiang (Chin)?ti hi “Ctif (Kyan)?tiin a rak ttial. Ahlan chan i Chin kong a ttialtu Vairaang hna nih Chiang/Chin ti hi a phunphun in “Khyeng, Khang, Khlang, Khyang. Khyan, Khyene, Kiayn, Chiang, Chi’en, Chien, tbk…” in an rak tial. Chin kong a rak ttialtu Catholic siangbawi Father Sangermono nih 1783-1796 i a ttialmi “The Burmese Empire?cauk ah “Chin?ti hi “Chien?tiin a rak ttial i “Chintlang?ti cu “Chientlang?tiah a ttial7.

Kum 1834 ah Rev. Francis Mason nih, “Tavoy ah Khyene minu pakhat tipil ka pek?tiah a roca ah a rak ttial i “Chin?ti hi “Khyene?tiin a rak ttial. Tipil a rak pekmi Khyene minu cu Asho Chin minu a si, ti si8. Dr. Lian H. Sakhong nih, ?C-H-I-N, CHIN' tiah a rak ttial hmasa biktu hna cu: Major W.G. Hughes le A.G.E. Newland an si. Major W.G. Hughes (Ralbawi) nih a ralkap thawngthanh ca a ttialnak ah “CHIN?tiin a rak ttialnak cu a si. A.G.E. Newland (Laica tuahtu kan pu) nih a cauk ttialmi ‘The Images of War (1894)?ah ‘CHIN?tiin a ttial ve.

Kum 1896 ah Chinram Mirang cozah nih ‘CHIN?tiah an rak fehter i “The Chin Hill Regulation (1896)?ah “Chin?tiin an hman9. A tawifiannak in ttial ahcun, “Jin/ Cin?in “Chiang?ah, “Chiang?in “Khyan?Chien…” a phunphun ah, “Khyan…Chien…” in “Chin?ah aa thleng. Cucaah, “CHIN?timi min hi Pyu le Kawl nih a phuah copmi min a si lo. “Jin/ Cin?(siangpahrang pennak) minhram in aa semmi “CHIN kokek min?le “CHIN minhlir?taktak a si. Chin min chungin Cin Zah (Jin Zah), Pai Cin (Pau Jin), tbk?hna khi CHIN kokek min an si tiah i chawr awk a si ve ko. Chin Zah, Pau Chin?tinak an si ve ko10.

(3). Prof. G.H.Luce nih, Chin min semnak kongah, “Pagan rolungphun ah Chin miphun cu Kawl siangpahrang pawl nih, ?Kawi/dua/ hawi?tiah an ti hna i ‘CHIN?timi hi Kawlholh i ‘Tu-nge-chin?timi hin aa sem kho men?tiah a ti11.

(4). Prof. F.K.Lehman (Markipa) nih cun, “‘CHIN?timi biafang hi Kawl nih Chinmi an nehsawhnak hna a si. Seikuraang ti khi Kawlholh in ‘Chin?a si. Chinmi nih tlah in tahmi seikuraang pipi cu an keengin an i phorh lio kha Kawl nih an hmuh hna tikah, nehsawh serhsatnak in Kawl nih cun, ‘Chin?tiah an rak ti hna. Kawlca in seikuraang ttialnak ah, ‘Ya-yit?an hmanmi kha Chinmi ttialnak ah cun, “‘Yapin?in an i thlenter?tiah a ti12.

Pathumnak le palinak hi cu hmaan dawh an si lo. Zeicahtiah, Kawlram lulei ah a ummi le thlanglei Kawlram ah a zuang lomi Kachin nih, Chinmi cu, “Khiang/Chiang/Kyang?tiah a tirte ah an kawh cang hna i Shan zong nih cuticun an kawh ve tthiamtthiam hna. Cucaah, a cunglei i pakhatnak le pahnihnak khi, “CHIN?timi min aa semnak cu a si ko lai13.

1. Pu Chawn Kio, Chin History,Culture & Identity (2009). Pg-34:

2. Dr Lian H.Sakhong, Ibid, Pg-9-10,15-16:

3. Pu Chawn Kio, Chin Sining Tuanbia (2006), Pg-6,12-13:

4. Joy LalKrawspari Pachuan, Chin History, Culture & Identity (2009) Pg- 153

5. Dr Lian H.Sakhong, Ibid, Pg-10

6. Elaisa Vahnie, Chin History, Culture & Identity (2009), Pg- 46/47.

7. Dr. Lian H.Sakhong, Ibid, Pg-11.

8. Pu Chawn Kio, Ibid, Pg-34.

9. Dr. Lian H.Sakhong, Ibid, Pg-11/12.

10. Elaisa Vahnie, Ibid, Pg-47.

11. Dr. Lian H.Sakhong, Ibid, Pg-20.

12. Prof. F.K. Lehman (Markipa), Ibid, Pg-1/2.

13. Dr. Lian H. Sakhong, Ibid, Pp- 20 - 21

“CHIN?Timi A Sullam Hi Zeidah A Si?

“Jin?ti a sullam cu “Minung?tinak a si (Encyclopedia Britanica). “CHIN?ti a sullam cu “Minung?tinak a si (F.K. Lehman)1. “CHIN?ti a sullam cu “Minung?, asiloah, “Mibu?tinak, a si (Carey & Tuck). Cucaah “Chinlung?ti le “Chindwin?ti cu ?Minung, asiloah, Mibu khur/ kua/ lungkua?tinak, an si veve. “CHIN?ti le Chin miphun in hrinphun/ chungkhar min hna an sullam cu “Minung/ mibu?tinak an si i, “CHINRAM?ti a sullam hi “Kan Ram?tinak a si (Lian Uk)2.

Jin = Chiang = Khang = Khyeng = Chien = Chin.

L a i m i = Z o m i = M i z o = M e i = K h u m i / Khami = Chomi = Chin.

Kuki-Chin=Asho- Chin=Lushei-Chin=CHIN. Mara/Mira (Lakher) “Saw/Mo/Mei=CHIN.

Asho: Nangkha, Khaizo, Pansaizo, Suleizo, Pang, Langzo = Cho: Matu, Muan, M’kang, Ruaugtu, Zuangtu, Ng’men, Limro, Yhppy, Ngaleng = Khumi (M’ro): Khami, Khumi, Masho, Anu, Khuangsu, Pansu, Pawnan = Laimi: Laizo, Khuangli, Khualsim, Zahau, Zanngiat, Lente, Ngawn, Mara, Lautu, Senthang, Zokhua, Mi-e, Thawr (Torr), Bawm, Pawih = Mizo (Lushei): Hualngo, Fanai, Khawlh, Ring, Ralte, Chawte, Khiangte, Ngente, Hmar, Thlau, Vanchhai, Renthei = Zomi (Kuki): Sizang,

Thado, Jo(Zo), Theizang, Saizang, Khuano, Dim, Guite, Nginte, Simte, Baite, Vaiphei, Gangte..= CHIN.

“LAI?le “Zo?Ti An Sullam

“Lai?ti le “Zo?ti an sullam hi phunhnih veve in an hrilhfianh tawn. Phun khatnak cu “Hmunhma?min in an hrilhfianh i phun hnihnak cu “phun le hram?min in an hrilhfianh ve.

Phun khatnak: Chin miphun hi Kale-Kabaw nelrawn in Chintlang i an kai tikah, hmunram hoih in phupi phuli tthen in an kai - 01) Chaklei phu, 02) A lai phu, 03) Kuki hlun phu le 04) Thlanglei phu tiin. Chaklei phu nih Zomi an i ti i “Zo?ti a sullam cu “Chaklei/ Hmunhriang?tinak a si. A lai phu nih “Laimi?an i ti ve i “Lai?ti a sullam cu “Hmun Laifang?tinak a si. Vawlei a tthatnak, kum vui a thatnak le rawl tampi a vui tthatnak tlanglo cu “Lai Lo?tiah kan ti i vawlei a tthat lonak, rawl a vuih lonak tlanglo cu “Zo Lo?kan ti. “Zo Lo?cu hmunhriang deuh ah va tlaakmi a si tawn. Cun “Lai-nawn?ti cu “Mithah?tinak a si ve fawn4.

Phun hnihnak: Pu Chawn Kio nih, “Lai le Zo hi Chin miphun chung i hrinphun a ttemi an si?Laipa fa le Zopa fa kha Zo nih an phun ah an i laak i Lai nih an phun min ah an i laak ve?tiah a ti5. Elaisa Vahnie nih cun, “‘Zo?timi min hi A.D. 1300 hrawng lawngin a chuak. Cu bantuk cun, ‘Lai?timi min zong hi Laiphu nih Lailun Lungkua an phaanh hnu lawngin a chuak?Lai hrinphun phu cu Pu Zo tefa an si lo?Zomi: Tidim, Siyin?khi Pu Zo tefa an si. Pu Zo min laakin ‘Zomi an i ti?tiah a ttial6. Lai min i, “Lai Kam,?“Lai Peng,?“Lai Lian,?tbk?min hi “Laimi?an rak sinak philhlonak min an si hnga maw?

Ref: 1. Elaisa Vahnie, Chin History, Culture & Identity (2009), Pg-49.

2. Dr. Lian H.Sakhong, Ibid, Pg-10,18,19.

3. Elaisa Vahnie, Ibid, Pg-49; Dr. Lian H.Sakhong, Ibid, Pg-27.

4. F.K.Lehman, Ibid, Pg-2,3.

5. Pu Chawn Kio, Chin Sining Tuanbia (2006), Pg-19.

6. Elaisa Vahnie, Ibid, Pg-48.

Chin Miphun An i Tthek

Shan ral, Kawl-Manipur ral le aruang dangdang ruangh Chindwin (Kale-Kabaw) nelrawn i khuasami Chin miphun an i tthekdarh dih. Kum zabu 10 hrawngin Kawl miphun milu a karh thluahmah tikah Ayeyarwady tivapi kuanghrawn i khuasami Asho-Chin cu Kawl pawl nih ral an rak chim hna i, Pandawng tlang ah an i tthial hmasa. Cuka in, Pegu tlang le Arakan (Rakhine) tlang ah an vai tthek. A cheu, nitlaklei tlangthluan ah an va liam i, Chittagong (atu Bangladesh ram) tlang tiang an va lan. Arakan tlang le Chittagong tlang ah a va lanmi Chinmi an miphun minhlun in “Khyeng? asiloah, “Chiang?tiah an pawngkam khuasa miphun dang hna nih an auh hna1.

Kawl le Manipur karlak ah ral a thawh ruangah Chin miphun khuasaknak Kale-Kabaw nelrawn cu a hraat tukmi rallam le ralhmun ah a can caah khuasak lannak ttha a si ti lo i Chin miphun cu a chungchung, a phuphu in Chingtlang ah an kai i “Cinnuai? asiloah, “Chin Nwe?ah an phaan. Cuka ah Chin miphun cheukhat cu caan caankhat chung hmunkhatte ah khua an rak sa tti. Asinain, Cinnuai i an um lioah, khuasak tintuk ah pumpawcawmnak khim hmuh awk a har deuh ruangah siseh, uktu lu le ban si an rak i cuh ruangah siseh, Chin miphun hna cu hrinphun a phuphu in an rak i tthen.. A dang hrinphun phukhat zong chaklei kam deuh ah an hei kai i “Zomi?tiah an hun i ti.“Cinnuai?hi B.S. Carey nih cun, minung thawhkehnak Baibal tuanbia chuankhan in “Chin Eden Duum?tiah min a sak phah. Kale-Kabaw nelrawn in Chin miphunpi chung hrinphun phu phukhat cu Chintlang ah an kai i atu Falam peng Lailun Lungkua ah khua an va sa; “Laimi?tiah an hun i ti 2. A cheu cu thlanglei ah Mita tiva hrawn in an zaam i atu i “Yaw/ Yo?kan timi hna miphun khi an si3.

Shan ral ruangah tuanpi ah Chintlang ah a rak kai hmasami Chin miphun in hrinphun phu phukhat cu “Locom?ah khua an sa i “Lushei?tiah ti an rak si nain, atu ah cun, “Mizo?tiah an i ti cang. Shan ral ruang tthiamtthiam ah Chin miphun in hrinphun phu phukhat cu Kale-Kabaw nelrawn in India ram Assam/ Manipur ah an kali khua an va sa; “Kuki?tiah an auh hna4. Chinmi cheukhat cu tlanglei ah zam loin Chindwin nelrawn i lamhla Gangaw nelrawn le Kale-Kabaw nelrawn ah an taang i an phunghlun zulh in, an hmai an i ttelh (mawng an i chit) ruangah an pawng khuasa Kawl pawl nih “Chinpun, Chinme?tiah an auh hna; “Chin nak?tinak a si5.

Chin miphun an rak i tthekdarhnak hmunram hna cu: Tuluk i Tiva Eng (the Yellow River) iv a ttengnge Ttawng (Tao) tiva pawngkam, Tibet ram le Kawlram kar, India ram Assam/ Manupur, Chindwin tiva le Ayeyarwady tiva kam, Kale le Tamu hrawng, Gangaw peng le Pegu tlang (Saw, Htilin, Minbu, Tayet, Seduhtaya, Ngaphe, Minhla hrawng), nitlaklei tlangthluan, Rakhine tlangthuan, Chitagong tlangthuan (Bangladesh) le Chintlang ah an si6.An i tthekdarh dih hnu in, Laimi, Zomi, Mizo (Lushei), Asho, Khumi, Khami, Matu, Chomi, Kuki, Bawm, tbk...in a phunphun in min an i sak. Asinain, Chinmi cheukhat nih cun, atu tiangin an miphun minhlun kha thlau loin, “Chiang, Khyeng, Khiang (Chin)?tiah an i au ko rih7.

Ch: 1. Dr. Lian H. Sakhong, Chin History, Culture & Identity (2009), pp. 25

2. Ibid, pp. 25

3. Pu Chawn Kio, Chin Sining Tuabia (2006), pp. 21

4. Dr. Lian H. Sakong, Ibid, pp. 24/ 25

5. Ibid, pp. 25

6. Prof. Dr. Aye Aye Ngun, Chokhlei Mekazin (2010), pp. 23

7. Dr. Lian H. Sakhong, Ibid, pp. 25

Lamtthen Zawh Chin Miphun Phu Li

Kum 1904 ah Linguistic Survey of India nih Chin miphun kongah dothlatnak a tuah i atu i Chin miphun khua an saknak hmun le ram cio ah lam an rak i tthenning le an rak kilning, hitihin phuli ah a tlangpi in a tthen hna:

01. Chaklei Phu : Thado, Kamhau, Sokte (Sukte), Siyin (Sizang), Ralte, Paite

02. A Lai Phu : Tashon (Tlaisun), Lai, Lakher (Mara), Lushai (Mizo), Bangjogi (Bawmzo), Pankhu

03. Kuki Hlun Phu: Rangkhol, Kolren, Kom, Purum, Hmar, Cha (Chakma)

04. Thlanglei Phu : Chinme, Chinbok, Chinpun, Kyang (Asho)1

Chin Miphunpi Chungin Hrinphun Phun 6 & A Ttengnge Hna

Chin miphun chungin hrinphun phun 6 ah a tlangpi in an tthen. Cu hna cu:

01. Asho : Nangkha, Khaizo, Pansaizo, Suleizo, Pang, Langzo

02. Cho/ Sho : Matu, Muan/ Myh, M’kang, Ruangtu, Zuangtu, Ng’men, Limro, Yhppy, Ngaleng

03. Khuami/ M’ro : Khami, Khumi, Masho, Anu, Khuangsu, Pansu, Pawnan

04. Laimi : Laizo, Khuangli, Khualsim, Zahau, Zanngiat, Lente, Ngawn, Zotung, Zophei, Lakher (Mara), Lautu, Senthang, Zokhua, Mi-E, Thorr/ Thawr, Bawm, Pawih

05. Lushei (Mizo) : Hualngo, Fanai, Khawlh, Ring, Ralte, Chawte, Khiangte, Ngente, Hmar, Thlau, ...........................Vanchhia, Renthei

06. Zomi/ Kuki : Sizang, Thado, Jo, Thizang, Saizang, Khuano, Dim, Guite, Nginte, Simte, Baite, ..........................Vaiphei, Gangte2

Hitihin, Chin miphun chungin hrinphun a phuphu in, zeitik kum in dah, an rak i tthen ti kha robia ttialmi chirhchan awk a um lo. Dothlatnak le ruahdamhnak in a si i Chindwin (Kale-Kabaw) nelrawn i Chin miphun khua an rak tti lio kum kha A.D 700 ?1200 karlak hrawngah si nih dawh kaw, A.D 1200 hrawngin Chin miphun nih hrinphun a phuphu in an rak i tthen kha si dawh a si3.

Ch: 1. Dr. Lian H. Sakhong, Chin History & Culture & Identity (2009), pp. 25

2. Ibid, pp. 27

3. Elaisa Vahnie, Ibid, pp. 48

Zomi-Chin: “Zo?timi hrinphun min hi, zeitik kum in dah ai sem ti hi robia ah ral ttialmi a um lo. Dothlatnak le ruahdamhnak in, “Zo?timi hrinphun min ai sem hi A.D 1300 hrawngah si dawh a si1. Atu ah cun, “Zomi?tiah auh an si; chaklei Chinram Tiddim peng ah khua a sami Chin miphun khi an si. Atu ah cun, Kawl ralkap cozah pennak toangah “Cinkha peng, Tonzang peng le Tiddim peng?tiah tthen an si cang. Kawl-Manipur ral ruangah a tlai bik A.D 1600 hrawngah Kale-Kabaw nelrawn in Chintlang ah an rak kai i, “Cinnuai? asiloah, “Chin Nwe?ah khua an rak sa hmasa. Cuka i an rak um lioah, ram le hmunhma nih, milu an hung karh deuh cang caah, an khuasak tintuk le pumpawcawmnak caah a rak zaat ti hna lo i, Cinnuai in chaklei, thlanglei le nitlaklei ah an rak i tthekdarh2.

A cheu thlanglei ah an va chuk i Mualbem khua khi an va tlak hmasa bik. Thlanglei ah a chukmi an si caah, “Sukte?tiah an ti hna; “Chuklei ah a zuangmi pawl?tinak a si. A cheu cu cite khor umnak sihrawn ah an um caah “Sihzang ?Siyin?tiah an ti hna; “Cikhor rawn ummi pawl?tinak a si. A cheu cu nitlaklei Manipur ramlei ah an va kal i, “Vaiphei?ti an si i phun ci tampi ah an karh. “Tuittawng?khua khi Vaiphei pawl tlak hmasa bikmi khua a si. Cinnuai in a cheu cu chaklei ah an va kai i “Camngai?khua khi an va tlak; “Zo?tiah an auh hna. Sukte hrin in telefa an hung karh i khua ukning phunhnih ah ait then : “Za Pau Uk?le “Kam Hau Uk?tiin. Za Pau uk ram nakin Kam Hau uk ram a kau deuh3.

Atu Tiddim holh khi “Zo Kham Holh?an ti4; Pu Za Kham cu “Zomi?cithlatu an pupa a si i “Zomi?timi min zong hi Pu Zo Kham min chuankhan in a rami a rak si lai. Pu Zo tefa hna cu atu ah cun, hrinphun 29 ah an cang cang. “Sukte, Sihzang, Vaiphei, Thado, Zo...?timi hna khi Pu Zo cithlak an si dih5. Tuanbia ttialtu mizeimaw nih cun, “Jo (Jaw)?timi min khi “Zo?tinak a si an ti. Jo miphun cu Kale-Kabaw (Chindwin) nelrawn in ral ruangah an hawile sinah Chintlang ah kai loin, Chindwin nelrawn lamhla a simi Gangaw nelrawn hrawngah Mitta tiva hrawn in an va kal i khua an va sa. Chin miphun chung minung an rak si nain, Kawlrawn naih ah a ummi an si caah, Kawl pawl nih an hip khawh hna i atu ah cun, Kawl pawl nih anmah miphun min cazin ah an telh cang hna6.

Ch: 1. Elaisa Vahnie, Chin History, Culture & Identity (2009), pp. 49

2. Dr. Lian H. Sakhong, ibid, pp. 25

3. Pu Chawn Kio, Chin Sining Tuanbia, pp. 22/ 23

4. F.K. Lehman (Marki pa), Chin History, Culture & Identity (2009), pp. 2

5. Elaisa Vahnie, ibid, pp. 48/ 49

6. Pu Chawn Kio, ibid, pp. 21

Mizo-Chin: “Mizo?le “Zomi?ti an sullam khi aa khat; “Minung?tinak an si. Atu i “Mizo?miphun khi ahlan ah cun, “Lushei? asiloah, “Duh Lian Hrinphun?ti an rak si. Lushei ti an rak si lioah cun, Hualngo, Fanai, Khawlh, Ring, Ralte, Chawte, Khiangte, Ngente, Hmar, Thlau, Vanchhia, Renthei... tiah hrinphun tete in anmah le an hrinphun holh cio in an rak holh. Asinain, ram uknak tha cozah kuttang ah an si i, kum 1954 in “Mizo?miphun tiah an i fonh i tlangholh ah “Duh Lian Holh?an hman; atu i Mizo holh khi a si1.

Mizo miphun khi Chin miphun chungin hrinphun phukhat an si. An Chin unau hrinphun dang bang annih zong Tuluk ram Chinlung in Kawlram Chindwin (Kale-Kabaw) nelrawn a an rak ra i khua an rak sami an si. Khampat i bungpi zong cu “Kanmah cinmi a si?an ti. A.D 1400 ah Shan miphun nih Chindwin nelrawn i Chin miphun an hun tuk hna in Mizo miphun hi A.D 1400 lila ah Chintlang ah a zaam hmasa bikmi an si2. Chintlang i an va phanh tikah “Locom?le “Seipi?ah khua an rak sa hmasa. Thantlang peng Laimi nih Chintlang i an rak phanh hlanah, Vanzang tlang, Khualhring tlang le Zahau tlang, tbk... ah Mizo miphun nih umhmun an rak khuar hmasa. Lai-Chin phu nih Thantlang peng an hun phanh in, Htinlin khua in meithal a ngeimi Kawl pawl an va ruaih hna i Thantlang peng Mar (Mizo) pawl cu ‘Silai?meithal in “Phuuuuuung!!!?tiah an kah hna i Ttio ral ah an rak dawi dih hna. Ahlan lio cu “Khuakheng leido?in ral bang rak i hmuh le rak i zoh a rak si ruangah semtti u le nau hmanh i hngal loin an rak i do.

Hualngo-Mizo: Hualngo phun pawl khi Mizo (Lushai) phun chung minung an si. Annih Hualngo phun pawl khi an hawile Mizo pawl sinah tuan ah Chintlang ah kai loin, a hnu deuh ah an kai i, Falam peng i Sumpi khua timi ah an rak khuasa. Hitihin Hualngo phun thawhkehning a si: Pu Fa Hlam nih Sumpi a hrin; Pu Sumpi nih Mau Va a hrin; Pu Mau Va hrinso tefa a simi Pu Dar Kim nih Hual Hang, Hual Hnam le Hual Ngo a hrin hna. Pu Hual Ngo nih Bo Cung, Cer Put, Cal Thleng le Khup No a hran hna; Pu Cer Put hrinsor a simi tefa Thang Sa Vut nih Van Kha, Lal Ling le Sa Vut a hrin hna; Pu Sa Vut cu Mirang chan lioah Chin vuanthok a rak ttuanmi a si.

Pu Hual Ngo cu mifim le mitthawngttha a rak si caah a tefa hna nih amah chuankhan in an phun min ah an sak i “Hualngo phun?tiah an i ti. Hualngo phun pawl cu an hung pungkarh i Falam peng lawng si loin, Thantlang peng ?Vanzang tlang el Khualhring tlang tiangah i tthekdarh in khua an va sa3. Kale-Kabaw nelrawn Khampat le Tahan zong a taangmi Mizo, atu tiangin an um rih.

Ch: 1. Pu Chawn Kio, Chin Sining Tuanbia (2006), pp. 37

2. Prof. Dr. Aye Aye Ngun, Chokhlei Mekazin (2010), pp. 23

3. Pu Chawn Kio, ibid, pp. 28/29

Kuki-Chin: Mizo (Lushai) nih “Sinlung (Chinlung)?lungkua in ka chuakkek an timi bang khan, Kuki-Chin zong nih lungkua “Khor?in kan rak chuakkek tiah an ti ve. Cinlung khor cu Tuluk ram Szechuan peng hrawngah um dawh a si. Tuluk ram in Tibet in Chindwin nelrawn a simi Kale ?Kabaw nelrawn ah Chin miphun an hawile he (Kuki-Chin) cu khua an rak sa1. Kum 1295 ah a hung tthawngmi Shan miphun nih Kawl siangpahrang Pagan pennak cu an hun laak i kum 1395 in Kalemyo cu Shan ralhruang khuapi ah an hun ser i Kale-Kabaw nelrawn khuasa Chin miphun cu hnahnawhnak an pek hna; cucaah, kum 1554 hrawngah Chin miphun cheukhat cu India ram Manipur ah an zam2. Manipur lei ah a va zammi Chin miphun cu an pawngkam miphun dang Bengali (Assamese) nih, “Kukis (Cucis, Kookis, Khongjais)?tiah an hauh hna; a sullam cu “Tlangcung mi?tinak a si. Asinain, anmah le anmah nih, “Kuki?tiah an i au bal lo. Kawl pawl nih “Chin?tiah kan pupa hna kha an rak auh hna nain kan pupa hna nih anmah le anmah cu “Chin?tiah an rak i au bal lo, timi bantuk kha a si.

Kuki-Chin pawl cu India ram ?Manipur, Tripura, Assam ramtthen Cachar tlangthluan chaklei kam le thlanglei kam, Megahaya le Nagaland , Bangldesh ram, Chindwin nelrawn, Chinram le Arakan ram hna ah an i tthekdarh in khua an sa3. Kuki-Chin khi atu an umnak ram ah khin tuan deuh le tlai deuh ah an va phanhning hoih in phuhnih ah tthen an si, Kuki hlun phu le Kuki thar phu tiin. Kuki hlun phu ah?Aimol, Chothe, Chiru, Koireng, Kom, Anal, Lamkang, Mayon, Monsung, Gangte le Vaiphei phu pawl an si. Kuki thar phu ah: Simte, Paite, Hmar, Zo... an si. Kuki-Chin ah khin hrinphun 22 an um ?Aimol, Anal, Chiru, Chothe, Gangte, Hmar, Koirao, Koireng, Kom, Lamkang, Miring, Lushai, Monsung, Moyon, Paite, Purum, Ralte, Simte, Sukte, Thado, Vaiphei le Zo an si. Kuki-Chin timi ah hin Mizo phun le Zomi (Tidim) phun an i tel4. Kale-Kabaw nelrawn in Manipur lei ah a rak kalmi an si. Lushai, Hmar, Ralte, Gangte... hna khi Mizo phun an si; Paite, Sukte, Thado, Vaiphei... hna khi Zomi phun an si. Manipur le Assam ram ah khin Kuki-Chin a si lomi Mongoloid miphun tete an um i Kiratas, Mon-Khmer tbk... pawl khi an si. Asinain, annih cu Chin an si lo5.

Kuki-Chin nih Manipur ramri naihte i a ummi atu Khampat khua khi an rak tlak i an khuatlak khua hna lakah khua hlun bik a si. Ahlan i Khampat khua i Chinmi an rak um lioah hrinphun i cawhhrup in uktu pakhat tangah an rak um; cu lioah cun, Khampat khuachung ah hin sang le zawl 10 ringlo an rak um i sanglai ah an uktu ruuninn le chumtual a rak um, ti si. Ral ruangah Khampat khua in an zam lai ah an uktu bawi chumtual ah cun bungpi kheo an rak cin tai bung nge-awl nih vawlei a tongh tikah hika ah hin kan i tong tthan te hna lai tiah bia an rak kam ta hna, an ti. Kum zabu 21 lioah khan Khampat ah a rak kir taktakmi Kuki-Chin an um, an ti6. Khampat bungpi cu Mizo pawl zong nih kanmah cin tami a si an ti ve.

1. Priyadarshni M. Gangte, Chin History, Culture & Identity (2009), pp. 55/ 56

2. Dr. Lian H. Sakhong, ibid, pp. 24

3. Priyadarshni M. Gangte, ibid, pp. 54; K. Zohra, ibid, pp. 117

4. Lianboi Vaiphei, ibid, pp. 347/ 348

Thlanglei Chin Miphun Hna

Thlanglei Chin miphun hna cu ?Khumi (Khuami), Cho le Asho miphun hna an si. Thlang Chinram a simi, atu Mindat peng, Kanpetlet peng le Paletwa peng i Chin miphun hna khi an si.

Khumi (M’ru)-Chin: Khumi-Chin hi “M’ru/ M’ro?ti zong in an auh hna. Khumi-Chin ah cun, Khami, Khumi, Masho, Anu, Khuangsu, Pansu le Pawnan tiah hrinphun tete in an va um rih1. Khumi-Chin hi Chndwin nwlram a simi Kale-Kabaw in Chintlang ah a kai hmasa bikmi rak si nih a dawh. Kum 1400 ai thok hlan deuh ah Chintlang ah cun rak kai dawh an si. Lushai pawl hlan deuh ah Chintlang ah an rak kai cang. Khumi-Chin cu din lote in an rak i thawl ceomao i Sabwe tlang an lonh hnu ah Kanpetlet peng an va phaan. Cuka in an hei lan rih i Tuibem hmun an phanh in phuhnih ah an i tthen, Khumi le Khami tiin. Khumi cu hnu ah an taang i Khami tu cu hmailei ah an va lan. Khami a cheu cu an va lan vimai Arakan tlang ah khua an va sa; Arakan pawl nih, “M’ro?tiah an auh hna. “M’ro?ti hi “Masho?tiah a aw an chuah2. M’ro ti le Masho ti cu ai khatmi an si. M’ro phu hi, G.A. Gerini nih, Mara (Lakher) he ai naihniammi an si tiah a ti. Kum zabu 14 lioah, M’ro pa nih Arakan ah siangpahrang a ttuan bal; kum zabu 11 in M’ro phu pawl cu Arakan ram ah an rak um cang tiah robia ttialmi a um caah a cunglei i kan langhtermi Chintlang an rak kainak kum khi hmaan dawh a si ko3.

“Khami?A Chuahkehnak: “Khami?a chuahkehnak hi micheu nih hitihin an chim: Pa nih biar an rak i kaihmi a fonghleimi a ummi kha uico mei he ai lo i Kawl pawl nih “Khuimi?an t ii “Khuimi?ti kha a hnu ah “Khami?ah ai chuah, ti a si. Asinain, cu nakin dik deuh dawh a simi cu: An uktu an bai hna cu Khami holh in “Ahriang?ti an si i, Ahriang an bawi pawl cu miralttha rak si hna kaw, an min an rak chaal tawn i, “Khami?an ti tawn; a sullam cu “Miralttha?tinak a si. Khakha an phunmin ah ruat in “Khami?an i tinak hi si dawh bik a si4.

Cho (Sho)-Chin: Cho-Chin ah hin, Matu, Muan (Myhn), M’kang, Ruangtu, Zuangtu, Ng’men, Limro, Yhppy le Ngaleng tiin hrinphun tete an um5. Cho-Chin hi zeitik kum hrawngin dah Chintlang ah an rak kai timi hi robia ah a um lo. Asinain Kale-Kabaw nelrawn in Chintlang ah a rak kaimi an si caah, A.D 1400-1600 karlak ah Chintlang i a rak kaimi an si ko lai.

M’kang Miphun: M’kang miphun hi Lemro tiva in chaklei Thlukkhua le Zophong khua hrawngah a ummi an si i, Kawlrawn naih ah khuasami an si. An nule khi muidawh rak si hna kaw, Kawl siangpahrang nih an nule mui dawhdawh cu an rak fir tawn hna caah Kawl siangpahrang ttih ah an fanule an ral ttialh hna. An hmai a ttial

caah Kawl pawl nih “Chinme?tiah an ti hna; a sullam cu “Chin nak?tinak a si.

Chawngtha/ Taungtha Miphun: Chawngtha/ Taungtha miphun cu Cho-Chin, hmailei samtom Chin an si. Kawlram naih i a ummi an si i, tiva kam ah a ummi kha Kawl pawl nih “Chawngtha?an ti hna i, tlangcung deuh i a ummi kha “Taungtha?an ti hna. Chawngtha le Taungtha miphun cu phunkhatte an si i, an miphun minhlir taktak cu “Ruangtu?an si. Mindat peng le Kanpetlet peng ah tampi an um6.

Matu Miphun: Matu miphun sinah kan pale ram rian an va ttuannak thawngin, “Laimi?kan si an ti. Asinain, a taktak ahcun, Cho-Chin an si. Chindwin nelrawn in tlanglei ah an rak kai hlanah, Shwebo le Ye-O (Zi-U) khua hrawngah an rak um. Cu lioah cun, raifanh zawtnak le pulpi a tlung ciammam i Kale-Kabaw nelrawn i an miphun hawi Chin miphun sinah an vaa tthial, a timi an um. Chintlang i an rak kai lioah khin, Lumte in Lente in Gangaw in Mohpi tlanglei in Rampang in Mcangimnu in Matu khua ah a lutmi kan si, an i ti7.

1. Dr. Lian H. Sakhong, Chin History, Culture & Identity (2009), pp. 27

2. Pu Chawn Kio, Chin Sining Tuanbia (2006), pp. 24

3. Helkhomang Touthang, Chin History, Culture & Identity, pp. 164

4. Pu Chawn Kio, ibid, pp. 24/ 25

5. Dr. Lian H. Sakhong, ibid, pp. 7

6. Helkhomang Touthang, ibid, pp. 164

7. Dr. Bawi Hu, Chin Sining Tuanbia (2006), pp. 317/ 378

Asho-Chin: A.D. 1000 hnu in Kawl milu a karh thluahmah i Chindwin tiva le Ayeyarwady tiva tonnak hrawng i khuasami Asho-Chin cu Kawl pawl nih an ennam hna i an penchuah hna1. Cu tikah, Asho-Chin cu phuhnih ah an i tthen i, a cheu hmunrawn Kawl rawn a simi Ayeyarwady nelrawn le Pegu Yoma ah an i tthendarh i hmunrawn Asho- Chin khi an si2.

Asho-Chin cheukhat cu Kale-Kabaw nelrawn i an hawile Chin miphun sinah an va kal. Cun, Kale-Kabaw nelrawn in Masho (Khuami-Chin) he Asho cheukhat pawl cu thlanglei Chintlang ah an kai tti i, Mindat peng tiang an va kal tti. A cheu (Asho) pawl cu Arakan Yoma tiangin an va lan i khua an va sa; a cheu an va lan vimai i Bangladesh ram Chittagong tlang tiang an va phaan i khua an va sa.

Arakan ram le Chittagong tlang khuasa Asho-Chin hna cu an miphun minhlun in “Khyeng,?asiloah, “Chiang?tiah an pawngkam miphun dang hna nih an auh hna; a sullam cu “Chin?tinak, a si. Asho-Chin hi Cho (Sho)-Chin he aa naihhniam ngaingaimi an si3.

Asho-Chin cu Kawl pawl ruangah phuhnih in an rak i tthen caah, hmunrawn Asho le tlangcung Asho tiah an umnak aa dang cang. Hmunrawn Asho nakin tlangcung Asho an tam deuh. Tlangcung Asho-Chin cu thlanglei Chinram Mindat peng, Paletwah peng le Kanpalet peng ah an um hlei ah, Arakan ram le Bangladesh ram tiangin khua an va sa. Mindat peng le Kanpalet peng khuasa Asho-Chin hna cu Kawl pawl nih, “Chinbon?le “Chinbok?tiah an auh hna4; hi Kawl minauh hi Asho-Chin an sersatnak min si dawh, a si.

Lai-Chin Phu: Lai-Chin phu hna cu atu i Falam peng, Hakha peng le Thantlang peng Lai miphun khi an si. Chinram a lai fang hmunhma ah Kale-kabaw nelrawn in a kaimi phu an si. Lai-Chin phu hna cu hrinphun hme tete in - Laizo, Khuangli (sim), Khualsim, Zahau, Zanngiat, Zokhua, Mi-E, Thawr (Torr), Bawm le Pawih tiah an um5. Lai-Chin phu hi Kale-Kabaw nelrawn in Chintlang i an kai tikah caan caankhat chung cu an hawile Chinmi hna he “Chin Nwe,?asiloah, “Cinnuai?ah khua an rak sa tti. Cinnuai in an i tthen i an i tlanglei ah an hun cho6. Run tiva kuanghrawn in an kai i atu Tawkkhua timi hmun khi Simpi ti a rak si i, Simpi an phaan. Simpi i an um hnuah Lailun lungkua ah an i tthial. Lailun cu atu Falam peng ah a si.

Falam peng Laimi: Falam peng ah khin hrinphun hme tete phun 10 an um: Zahau, Zaniat, Laizo, Tlaisun, Khuangli (sim), Khualsim, Ngawn, Lente, Tapawng le Hualngo an si. Hi hrinphun phun 10 lakah hin Hualngo miphun hi Lushai sinah ttuan ah Chintlang ah kai loin tlai hnu deuh ah a kaimi an si. Falam peng Laimi nih,“Ral Thang, Phurh Hlun le Thuan Khai hrinthlaak kan si?tiah an ti.

Hitihin an chimmi an tuanbia a si: Kale-Kabaw nelrawn i an um lioah Ral Thangte unaurual cu panga chuak an si. Unaurual panga cu rothil an i cuh i an i do. Hngakchia deuh pahnih sinah an pa a ttang i upalei pathum an ttang ve. Upalei pathum cu an tei hna i umnak ttha loin hngakchia deuh pahnih nih Chintlanglei ah an von dawi lengmang hna i Run tiva phanh lai tiang an hei dawi hna. Run tiva phanh lai in hngakchia deuh pawl cu an kir i, bawi cu si hna kaw, “Bawikir tlang?tiah atu tiang an kirnak tlang cu an ti lan.

Upalei pathum hna cu Ral Thang, Phurh Hlun le Thuan Khai an si. Upalei pathum le an phu pawl cu tlanglei ah ba lengmang in an hung kai lengmang i atu i Tlangthlang timi hmun khi an hung phaan. Cuka ah cun khuhlu le ti an i dinh i a thluum. Upa bik Ral Thang nih cuka ti cu a thluum ai, hi hmun hi hmunttha a si lai tiah a taang i, khua a thlaak; cu khua cu, “Tivaan?tiah a ti. Phurh Hlun le Thuan Khai cu an ra lengmang i khatlei Run tiva ral ah meiceu an hmuh i, an hei fuh. An hei phaan i Lailun lungkua i Hakha le Thantlang Laimi meiceu a rak si; cun, an sinah an um i khua an sa.

Ral Thang hrinphun: Ral Thang nih Simpi le Mi-E a hrin hna. Simpi nih Khualsim miphun khi ci a thlaak hna. Simpi tefa a simi Khualsim miphun nih Falam peng ah khua tampi an tlaak hna i atu tiang a hmunmi an khua pawl cu: Vanniam, Darte, Tulung, Haitui, Lungpi, Zatual, Khuangdon, Hmungum, Tidil, Rallawn, tawkkhua le Khuaval hna khi an si. Mi-E nih Dongtlang ral ah a va kal i khua a va tlaak hna. Mi-E tefa hna nih Hakha peng tiang khua an va tlaak i Rinpi, Rinte, Haiphai, Hata le Keipaw khua hna khi an si7.

1. Cited by Pu Zipeng Ni Kung, Joel Ling I Tonnak (2007), p-186,

2. Pu Chawn Kio, Chin sining Tuanbia (2006), p-26, Dr. Lian H.Sakhong, Chin History, Culture & Identity (2010), p-25,

3. Dr. Lian H.Sakhong, ibid, p-25,

4. Helkhomang Touthang, CHin History, culture & Identity (2010), p -164

5. Dr. Lian H.Sakhong, ibid, p-27,

6. Dr. Lian H.Sakhong, ibid, p-25,

7. Pu Chawn Kio, ibid, p-30/31/32.

Phurh Hlum Hrinphun: Phurh Hlum le Thuan Khai cu Lailun i an um hnuah Sunthla khua khi an va tlaak. Phurh Hlum fapa pali Sum Thang, Za Niat, Lai Zo le Nu Hnuai a hrin hna. Phurh Hlum fapale pali min cu a hnuah an tefale nih an phunmin ah an i laak hna i “Sumthang Hrin, Zaniat Hrin, Laizo Hrin le Nuhnuai Hrin?tiah an i ti. Zaniat miphun nih Hmunli, Khawlai, Khumzing, Locom, Simzing, Zultu, Khuale le Lumbang khua hna khi an tlaak hna1.

Thuan Khai Hrinphun: Thuan Khai nih Lailun in Sunthla khua khi a tlaak. Fapa pathum-Tlai Sun, Hring Lum le Hlawn Ceu a hrin hna. Thuan Khai nih “Sumpi?timi khua khi a va tlaak chap i, Tlai Sun a ukter. Tlai Sun tefa chan 7nak ah Lian Nawn nih Con Bik a hrin; Con Bik cu Tlai Sun bawi a si. Con Bik nih Van Hmung a hrin i Van Hmung nih Siah Luai a hrin.Thuan Khai fapa pahnihnak Hring Lum nih a pa tlaak hmasami Sunthla khua a uk. Hring Lum nih cun, fapa pahnih - Hau Hulh le Za Hau a hrin hna. Hau Hulh le Za Hau cu an pa sinah khuasa loin an va kal i Hau Hulh nih Mar (Lushai) umnak Zathlir khua a va uk; Za Hau nih Tlangzawl khua cu ral nih an tuk hna i an rak ttio. Cucaah, Hau Hulh nih Khuangli khua khi a va tlaak chap i Hau Hulh hrinthlaak cu Khuangli (Sim) miphun khi an si.

Za Hau Hrinphun: Za Hau cu Hring Lum fapa hngakchia deuh kha a si. Za Hau nih telefa a hrin hna i an pumin chuankhaan in “Zahau hrinphun?tiah a tefale nih an i ti. Za Hau hrinsor tufa a simi Van Nawl nih Thang Tin Lian a hrin. Thang Tin Luai cu Miraang chan lioah a hnudung bik ramuk bawi (chief) a si. Thang Tin Lian cu Za Hre Lian pa a si2.

Hakha peng le Thantlang peng Laimi: Atu i Hakha peng le Thantlang peng Laimi pupa hna cu Lailun ah sau um loin Sunthla khualu lei ah an va lan i Zotlang Khuarua (Cinzah pawl thawhkehnak) khau an va tlaak. Zotlang khuarua khua in an i tthial tthan i Thlanrawn khuahmun ah khin an i dil ta. Cun, khua kan tla cang lai an ti i a phuphu in miphun tling in an i sawm i khuatlaak awkah an i tthen. Thlanrawn khuahmun in phukhat an tho i, Chuncung khua khi an tlaak. A cheu an va lan i Phailenzawl khua an va tlaak. Phudang nih Thlanrawn khuahmun cun an tho ve i, Hniarlawn, Cinkhua, Hranhring le Aive khua hna khi an va tlaak hna3.

Phailenzawl khua i an um lioah Tio Hlei an timi pa cu mifim mitthawng a si i a uk hna. Saral a run venpiak khawh hna i, Sakhua, vokkeuh le arkeuh a rak laak hna. Tio Hlei nih cun a naupa Hluan Sang an timi pa cu vokkeuh, arkeuh le sakhua a laak ve caah Hluan Sang a thin a hung. Cucaah, Hluan Sang nih a upa Tio Hlei cu na vok sakhua na thah tikah keimah nih ka thah lai tiah a ti. Nikhat cu vok thah an i tim i Tio Hlei nih vokke in a tlaih i Hluan Sang nih fungzum in vok ka chun a ti i aa nganhter i a upa Tio Hlei cu a paw ah a sawh i a thi. Cu hnu cun, Hluan Sang nih a hun uk hna. Phailenzawl khua cu Hluan Sang nih a u a thahnak hmun a si caah khuami hna lung a ngam ti lo i ttio an i tim. Hluan Sang zong cu a lung a `ha ve lo i Phailenzawl khua cun a ttiopi hna i Mualzung ah a hun i tthial; Mualzung timi cu atu i “Inncar Lo?an timi hmun khi a si.

Mualzung i an um lioah Mangkheng pawl nih innpil an hung chim hna i, tampi an thah hna. Mangkheng pawl nih chim tthan lai phaan ah an bawi Lal Cem cu bawi an va put. Mangkheng bawi Lal Cem nih chaklei deuh ah Mualzung cun a hun tthialpi hna i atu Hakha khuahlun khi a si. Mangkheng bawi Lal Cem cu Hlawnceu phun a si. Lal Cem nih Hakha khua sau deuh uk lan ding a ttha lai lo a ti i Mangkheng ah a kir taak hna. A kir lai ah Zaa Thang nih sia a thah i a thlah caah Zaa Thang cu bawinak a roh taak. Zaa Thang cu Hluan Sang

fapa a si4.

Halkha a sullam: (1) Hluan Sang nih khua a rak halh lioah “Halh kami khua?ah kan kal lai a rak ti tawn i a hnu ah “Halkha?ah aa chuah, tiah an ti. (2) Burmese Encyclopedia cauk ah cun “Halkha?ti cu an uktu an bawile an chiakha tuk i sakhuah rawlrel hal ah an chiakha tuk, tinak as i, a ti. (3) Tuluk ram Kiangsi peng tlangcung ah Haga (Hakha) timi miphun an um i cucu an rak si hnga maw?5

1. Pu Chawn Kio, Chin Sining Tuanbia (2006), p-32, 33

2. Op. Cit, p-33, 34

3. Op. Cit, p-36, 37

4. Op. Cit, p-38, 39

5. Op. Cit, p-39

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